Follow UsThe Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields
 Abell 2744 |  MACS J0416.1-2403 |  MACS J0717.5+3745 |  MACS J1149.5+2223 |  Abell S1063 |  Abell 370 |
This is the primary Archive website for accessing all data from the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields program, a new initiative of six deep fields centered on strong lensing galaxy clusters drawn from Abell et al. (1989) and the MACS survey (Ebeling et al. 2001), in parallel with six deep "blank fields" adjacent to these clusters. Please refer to the Frontier Fields project website for more general information about the project. We provide here a variety of products, including:
Also please visit the Spitzer Frontier Fields website for access to all the Spitzer data on the Frontier Fields.-
All the HST Frontier Fields high-level science mosaics and images provided here have been produced by:
(initial presentations were by Lotz et al. 2014, AAS 223, #254.01 and Koekemoer et al. 2014, AAS 223, #254.02).
Please cite both Lotz et al. (2016, ApJ, submitted) for the survey design paper,
and Koekemoer et al. (2016, ApJS, in preparation) for the HST data description paper.
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Please include the following acknowledgement in all publications that make use of these data;
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Based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
| Latest news: October 25, 2016: HST V1.0 mosaics released for Epoch 2 of Abell 370 We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 2 of Abell 370, which completes the full 70 HST orbits for epoch 2 of this cluster from program ID 14038 (PI: J. Lotz), as well as completion of all the observations for the entire Frontier Fields program. The full dataset for this cluster also includes public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging data from programs 11108 (PI: E. Hu), 11507 (PI: K. Noll), 11591 (PI: J.-P. Kneib), 13459 (PI: T. Treu), and 14216 (PI: R. Kirshner), which have all been included to provide the most complete full-depth mosaics in the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR filters that are used for the Frontier Fields program. All the mosaics in this v1.0 release have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we released while this epoch was in progress. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
October 3, 2016: New v0.5 HST mosaics released for Epoch 2 of Abell 370 We are pleased to announce a new v0.5 release for the cluster Abell 370, which completes the full 70 HST orbits for epoch 2 of this cluster from program ID 14038 (PI: J. Lotz), as well as completion of all the observations for the entire Frontier Fields program. The full dataset for this cluster also includes public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging data from programs 11108 (PI: E. Hu), 11507 (PI: K. Noll), 11591 (PI: J.-P. Kneib), 13459 (PI: T. Treu), and 14216 (PI: R. Kirshner). These have all been combined to provide the most complete full-depth mosaics in the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR filters that are used for the Frontier Fields program, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the v0.5 release of the new HST mosaics obtained for epoch 2 on the cluster Abell 370, from the first 46 orbits of observations of epoch 2 of this target from our ongoing Frontier Fields program ID 14038 (PI: J. Lotz), also including public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging data from programs 11108 (PI: E. Hu), 11507 (PI: K. Noll), 11591 (PI: J.-P. Kneib), 13459 (PI: T. Treu), and 14216 (PI: R. Kirshner). These have all been combined to provide the most complete full-depth mosaics in the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR filters that are used for the Frontier Fields program, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 2 of Abell S1063, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (14037, PI: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth obtained on Epoch 2 of this cluster, adding a total of 24, 12, 10 and 24 orbits respectively with WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the main cluster, along with a total of 18, 10 and 42 orbits respectively with ACS F435W, F606W and F814W on the parallel field, thus completing the total exposure time of 70 orbits on each field for this epoch. These mosaics also include new archival data in ACS F435W and F606W from program 14209 (PI: B. Siana) on the parallel field. All the mosaics in this v1.0 release have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we released while this epoch was in progress. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce new v0.5 HST mosaics for Epoch 2 of the cluster Abell S1063, completing the 70 orbits of observations from Epoch 2 of our Frontier Fields program (14037, PI.: J. Lotz), adding 22 orbits with WFC3/IR on the main cluster, and with ACS on the parallel field, in addition to existing public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging obtained in these filters from programs 12458 (PI.: M. Postman) and 13459 (PI.: T. Treu). The products released here are the most complete full-depth mosaics in these filters, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files, to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the first v0.5 HST mosaics for Epoch 2 of the cluster Abell S1063, consisting of the first 48 orbits of observations from Epoch 2 of our Frontier Fields program (14037, PI.: J. Lotz), adding 18, 8, 4 and 18 orbits respectively with WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the main cluster, along with 18 and 30 orbits respectively with ACS F435W and F814W on the parallel field, in addition to existing public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging obtained in these filters from programs 12458 (PI.: M. Postman) and 13459 (PI.: T. Treu). The products released here are the most complete full-depth mosaics in these filters, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files, to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 1 of Abell 370, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field for this epioch from our Frontier Fields program (14038, PI: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth of Epoch 1 obtained with ACS F435W, F606W and F814W on the main cluster, along with WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the parallel field, and also include public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging obtained in these filters from programs 11108 (PI.: E. Hu), 11507 (PI.: K. Noll), 11591 (PI.: J.-P. Kneib), 13459 (PI.: T. Treu), 13790 (PI.: S. Rodney), and 14216 (PI.: R. Kirshner). All the mosaics in this v1.0 release have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we released during this epoch. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 1 of Abell S1063, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (14037, PI: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth of Epoch 1 obtained with ACS F435W, F606W and F814W on the main cluster, along with WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the parallel field, including also all the public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging obtained in these filters from programs 12458 (PI.: M. Postman) and 13459 (PI.:T. Treu). All the mosaics in this v1.0 release have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we released during this epoch. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the v0.5 release of the new HST mosaics obtained for epoch 1 on the cluster Abell 370, from the first 46 orbits of observations of this target from our ongoing Frontier Fields program ID 14038 (PI: J. Lotz), also including public archival ACS and WFC3/IR imaging data from programs 11108 (PI: E. Hu), 11507 (PI: K. Noll), 11591 (PI: J.-P. Kneib), and 13459 (PI: T. Treu). These have all been combined to provide the most complete full-depth mosaics in the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR filters that are used for the Frontier Fields program, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the v0.5 release of the new HST mosaics obtained for epoch 1 on the cluster Abell S1063, from the first 50 orbits of observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 14037 (PI: J. Lotz), which also includes archival ACS and WFC3/IR data (programs 12458, PI.: M. Postman, and and program 13459, PI.: T. Treu), to provide the most complete full-depth mosaics in the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR filters that are used for the Frontier Fields program, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 2 of MACSJ1149.5+2223, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13504, PI: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth obtained on Epoch 2 of this cluster, adding a total of 18, 10 and 42 orbits respectively with ACS F435W, F606W and F814W on the main cluster, along with a total of 24, 12, 10 and 24 orbits respectively with WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the parallel field, thus completing the total exposure time of 70 orbits on each field for this epoch, and 140 orbits total for this cluster. In addition, we release updated WFC3/IR mosaics on the main cluster that include new archival WFC3/IR from program 13790 (PI.: S. Rodney). All the mosaics in this v1.0 release have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we have released during this epoch in May 2015. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce new v0.5 HST mosaics for Epoch 2 of the cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13504 (PI: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth obtained on Epoch 2 of this cluster, adding a total of 18, 10 and 42 orbits respectively with ACS F435W, F606W and F814W on the main cluster, along with a total of 24, 12, 10 and 24 orbits respectively with WFC3/IR F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the parallel field, thus completing the total exposure time of 70 orbits on each field for this epoch, and 140 orbits total for this cluster. We note that these v0.5 mosaics do not yet include older archival data from before this epoch; this is to help facilitate study of transient phenomena, for which the data from this epoch can be compared with older datasets. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including correction for time-variable background and persistence effects in WFC3/IR, as well as self-calibration processing for ACS, and astrometric alignment to the previous mosaics that have already been constructed for this cluster. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 2 of MACSJ0717.5+3745, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13498, PI: J. Lotz). We have combined these data with archival data from program ID 12103 (PI: M. Postman), 13389 (PI: B. Siana), and 13459 (PI.: T. Treu), to create mosaics that are intended to contain the full depth of WFC3/IR data on the main cluster and ACS data on the parallel field. These v1.0 mosaics have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we have been releasing throughout the course of this epoch during March and April 2015. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce new v0.5 HST mosaics for Epoch 2 of the cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13498 (PI: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth obtained on Epoch 2 of this cluster, adding a further 42 orbits of WFC3/IR imaging in F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the main cluster, along with ACS imaging in F435W and F814W on the parallel field, and completing the total exposure time of 70 orbits on each field for this epoch, and 140 orbits total for this cluster. We have combined these data with archival data from program ID 12103 (PI: M. Postman), 13389 (PI: B. Siana), and 13459 (PI.: T. Treu), to create mosaics that are intended to contain the full depth of WFC3/IR data on the main cluster and ACS data on the parallel field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including correction for time-variable background and persistence effects in WFC3/IR, as well as self-calibration processing for ACS, and astrometric alignment to the previous mosaics that have already been constructed for this cluster. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the first new v0.5 HST mosaics for Epoch 2 of the cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13498 (PI: J. Lotz). In this second epoch, the orientation of HST enables the instruments to be swapped, in order to obtain WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster field and ACS imaging on the parallel field, with a total of 28 orbits so far that have been obtained from this program during this epoch. We have combined these data with archival data from program ID 12103 (PI: M. Postman), 13389 (PI: B. Siana), and 13459 (PI.: T. Treu), to create mosaics that are intended to contain the full depth of WFC3/IR data on the main cluster and ACS data on the parallel field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including correction for time-variable background and persistence effects in WFC3/IR, as well as self-calibration processing for ACS, and astrometric alignment to the previous mosaics that have already been constructed for this cluster. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 1 of MACSJ1149.5+2223, after the completion of the first epoch of ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on this cluster and its parallel field from our Frontier Fields program ID 13504 (PI: J. Lotz). These v1.0 mosaics have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we have released during the course of this epoch from November 2014 to January 2015. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce new v0.5 HST mosaics for the cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13504 (PI: J. Lotz). The observations for this epoch are now complete at a total of 70 orbits, which we have combined into mosaics on the main cluster field observed with WFC3/IR (F105W, F125W, F140W, F160W) and on the parallel field with ACS (F435W, F606W, F814W). We note that these v0.5 mosaics do not yet include older archival data from CLASH or from other programs; this is to help facilitate study of transient phenomena, for which the data from our program 13504 can be compared with other datasets. All other archival data will be combined together with the Frontier Fields data when we release the full-depth v1.0 mosaics. The current v0.5 mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, while the WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence, bad pixels, and other detector defects, and also include a set that have been corrected for time-variable background emission in the IR. All the mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid, as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 1 of MACSJ0717.5+3745, after the completion of the first 70 orbits of ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on this cluster and its parallel field from our Frontier Fields program ID 13498 (PI: J. Lotz). These full-depth v1.0 mosaics also include archival ACS and WFC3/IR data in the Frontier Fields filter set, from programs 9722 and 10420 (PI: H. Ebeling), programs 10493 and 10793 (PI: A. Gal-Yam), program 12103 (PI: M. Postman), program 13389 (PI: B.Siana), and program 13459 (PI: T. Treu). These v1.0 mosaics have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we have released during the course of this epoch in October and November 2014. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the release of the first new v0.5 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13504 (PI: J. Lotz) in November 2014. We note that these v0.5 mosaics on the main cluster field do not yet include older archival data from CLASH or other programs; this is to help facilitate study of transient phenomena, for which these November 2014 data can be compared with earlier data. All earlier archival data will be combined together with the Frontier Fields data when we release the full-depth v1.0 mosaics, after this epoch is completed. The current v0.5 mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, while the WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence, bad pixels, and other detector defects. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid, as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce new v0.5 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13498 (PI: J. Lotz). This release brings the total depth of Epoch 1 data from this program to 62 orbits so far, in addition to archival ACS and WFC3/IR data (programs 9722 and 10420, PI.: H. Ebeling; programs 10493 and 10793, PI.: A. Gal-Yam; program 12103, PI.: M. Postman; program 13389, PI.: B.Siana; and program 13459, PI.: T. Treu). These full-depth mosaics include all these data, and are all astrometrically aligned to the previous mosaics obtained of this target. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the release of the first new HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13498 (PI: J. Lotz), which also includes archival ACS and WFC3/IR data (programs 9722 and 10420, PI.: H. Ebeling; programs 10493 and 10793, PI.: A. Gal-Yam; program 12103, PI.: M. Postman; program 13389, PI.: B.Siana; and program 13459, PI.: T. Treu), to provide the most complete full-depth mosaics in the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR filters that are used for the Frontier Fields program, where all data have been fully reprocessed using the most current calibration files. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce the best possible quality, science-ready full-depth mosaics. For ACS, these mosaics incorporate CTE correction and bias destriping, as well as a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better correct for low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR mosaics have been masked for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. All these mosaics are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame based on pre-existing catalogs of this field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 2 of MACSJ0416.1-2403, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13496, PI: J. Lotz). These v1.0 mosaics have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we have been releasing regularly throughout the course of this epoch during August and September 2014. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the fourth v0.5 release of Epoch 2 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (P.I.: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth obtained on the second epoch of this cluster, adding a further 22 orbits of WFC3/IR imaging in F105W, F125W, F140W and F160W on the main cluster, along with ACS imaging in F606W and F814W on the parallel field, and completing the total exposure time of 70 orbits on each field for this epoch, and 140 orbits total for this cluster. In addition to the standard ACS and WFC3/IR mosaics derived from the default calacs and calwf3 calibration products, we also make available ACS mosaics that include self-calibration to improve low-level noise, and WFC3/IR mosaics that include correction for time-variable sky background. All the mosaics are astrometrically aligned, as before, to the mosaics that were obtained during the previous observations of this field. We are producing the fully reprocessed v1.0 mosaics during the coming weeks, but are making available these fast-turnaround science-quality v0.5 mosaics at the moment, in order to facilitate immediate science by the community. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the third v0.5 release of Epoch 2 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (P.I.: J. Lotz). This release adds a further 8 orbits, bringing the total Epoch 2 depth to 48 orbits so far. In this second epoch, the orientation of HST has enabled the the instruments to be swapped, obtaining WFC3/IR imaging on the primary field, and ACS/WFC imaging on the parallel field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including self-calibration for ACS and correction for time-variable sky background in WFC3/IR, and are all astrometrically aligned to the previous mosaics obtained of this target. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the second v0.5 release of Epoch 2 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (P.I.: J. Lotz). This release adds a further 24 orbits, bringing the total Epoch 2 depth to 40 orbits so far. In this second epoch, the orientation of HST has enabled the the instruments to be swapped, obtaining WFC3/IR imaging on the primary field, and ACS/WFC imaging on the parallel field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including self-calibration for ACS and correction for time-variable sky background in WFC3/IR, and are all astrometrically aligned to the previous mosaics obtained during Epoch 1 of this target. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the first release of Epoch 2 mosaics obtained for the cluster
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of Epoch 2 of Abell 2744, after the completion of all the ACS and WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13495, PI: J. Lotz), in addition to imaging from programs 11689 (PI: R. Dupke), 13386 (PI: S. Rodney), and 13389 (PI: B. Siana). These v1.0 mosaics have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we have been releasing regularly throughout the course of this epoch during May, June and July 2014. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping, and also include a set of mosaics that have been processed with the new selfcal approach to better account for the low-level dark current structure. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition include a set of mosaics that have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following location:
We are pleased to announce the fourth v0.5 release of Epoch 2 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz). These mosaics complete the full depth obtained on the second epoch of this cluster, adding a further 20 orbits of ACS imaging in F435W and F814W on the main cluster, along with the same number of orbits of WFC3/IR imaging in F105W and F160W on the parallel field, and completing the total exposure time of 70 orbits on each field for this epoch, and 140 orbits total for this cluster. In addition to the standard ACS and WFC3/IR mosaics derived from the default calacs and calwf3 calibration products, we also make available ACS mosaics that include self-calibration to improve low-level noise, and WFC3/IR mosaics that include correction for time-variable sky background. All the mosaics are astrometrically aligned, as before, to the mosaics that were obtained during the previous observations of this field. We are producing the fully reprocessed v1.0 mosaics during the coming weeks, but are making available these fast-turnaround science-quality v0.5 mosaics at the moment, in order to facilitate immediate science by the community. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the third v0.5 release of Epoch 2 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz). These mosaics add an additional 16 orbits, bringing the total to 50 orbits obtained so far for Epoch 2 (and 120 orbits total for this cluster field). The additional observations are divided evenly between ACS F435W and F814W on the main cluster, and WFC3/IR F105W and F160W on the parallel field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including updated calibration for ACS and correction for time-variable sky background in WFC3/IR, and are all astrometrically aligned to the mosaics that were obtained during the previous observations of this target. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the second v0.5 release of Epoch 2 HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz). These mosaics consist of 34 orbits of exposure time from Epoch 2, which is about halfway through. In this second epoch, the orientation of HST has enabled the the instruments to be swapped, in order to begin obtaining WFC3/IR imaging on the parallel field, and further ACS/WFC imaging on the primary field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including self-calibration for ACS and correction for time-variable sky background in WFC3/IR, and are all astrometrically aligned to the previous mosaics obtained during Epoch 1 of this target Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the release of the first new HST mosaics obtained for Epoch 2 on the cluster Abell 2744, from the first week observations of the second epoch of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (PI: J. Lotz). In this second epoch, the orientation of HST enables the the instruments to be swapped, in order to begin obtaining WFC3/IR imaging on the parallel field, and further ACS/WFC imaging on the primary field. These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, including alignment to the previous mosaics obtained during Epoch 1 of this target. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of MACSJ0416.1-2403, after the successful completion of our first epoch of ACS imaging on the main cluster and WFC3/IR imaging on the parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13496, PI: J. Lotz), combining also with additional imaging from the CLASH program 12459 (PI: M. Postman), and from the supernova program 13386 (PI: S. Rodney). These v1.0 mosaics include all the ACS and WFC3/IR primary and parallel data obtained on this field to date, and have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we released each week throughout the course of this epoch. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. We have also refined the astrometric corrections and masking for satellite trails, bad pixels and other defects. We also are releasing an additional "beta" reduction of ACS mosaics on the parallel field that have been created with a new self-calibration approach. All the v1.0 mosaics can all be obtained from the following location:
We are pleased to announce the release of new HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the fourth week observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (PI: J. Lotz), where we also include archival ACS and WFC3/IR data on the main cluster from CLASH (program ID 12459, PI: M. Postman). These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce full-depth images that are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame using catalogs provided by the CLASH team based on Subaru and HST imaging of the field.
We are pleased to announce the release of new HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the third week observations of this target, bringing the total to 62 orbits from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (PI: J. Lotz) in addition to archival ACS and WFC3/IR data on the main cluster from CLASH (program ID 12459, PI: M. Postman). These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce full-depth images that are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame using catalogs provided by the CLASH team based on Subaru and HST imaging of the field.
We are pleased to announce the release of new HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the second week observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (PI: J. Lotz), which also includes archival ACS and WFC3/IR data on the main cluster (program ID 12459, PI: M. Postman). These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce full-depth images that are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame using catalogs provided by the CLASH team based on Subaru and HST imaging of the field.
We are pleased to announce the release of the first new HST mosaics obtained on the cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, from the first week observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13496 (PI: J. Lotz), which also includes archival ACS and WFC3/IR data on the main cluster (program ID 12459, PI: M. Postman). These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce full-depth images that are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame using catalogs providded by the CLASH team based on Subaru and HST imaging of the field. Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
We are pleased to announce the Version 1.0 release of the first epoch of Abell 2744, after the successful completion of 70 orbits of WFC3/IR imaging on the cluster and ACS imaging on the parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13495, PI: J. Lotz), as well as 16 orbits of ACS imaging on the parallel field which was provided by program 13389 (PI: B. Siana), together with an additional 2 orbits of WFC3/IR and ACS imaging on the main cluster and parallel fields from program 13386 (PI: S. Rodney), along with the original 16 orbits of ACS imaging of the main cluster from program 11689 (PI: R. Dupke). These v1.0 mosaics include all the ACS and WFC3/IR primary and parallel data obtained on this field to date, and have been fully recalibrated relative to the v0.5 mosaics that we released each week throughout the course of this epoch. For ACS, the v1.0 mosaics incorporate new bias and dark current reference files, along with CTE correction and bias destriping. The WFC3/IR v1.0 mosaics have improved masking for persistence and bad pixels, and in addition have been corrected for time-variable sky emission that can occur during the orbit and can otherwise impact the up-the-ramp count-rate fitting if not properly corrected. We have also refined the astrometric corrections and masking for satellite trails, bad pixels and other defects. We also are releasing an additional "beta" reduction of ACS mosaics on the parallel field that have been created with a new self-calibration approach. All the v1.0 mosaics can all be obtained from the following location:
We are pleased to inform you that epoch 1 of the Frontier Fields program of Abell 2744 is now complete, with the last exposures having been obtained on 28 November 2013. This completes a total of 70 orbits of WFC3/IR imaging on the main cluster and ACS imaging on the parallel field from our Frontier Fields program (13495, PI: J. Lotz), as well as an additional 16 orbits of ACS imaging on the parallel field which was provided by program 13389 (PI: B. Siana), together with an additional 2 orbits of WFC3/IR and ACS imaging on the main cluster and parallel fields from program 13386 (PI: S. Rodney), along with the original 16 orbits of ACS imaging of the main cluster from program 11689 (PI: R. Dupke). As with previous weeks, we are publicly releasing our fast-turnaround v0.5 mosaics of all the above data (v0.5-20131129, with a release date of November 29, 2013). Although these mosaics are full-depth and include all the above data, we would like to reiterate that the calibrations for these data are still preliminary, although we have made every effort to ensure that their quality is as high as possible. During the next couple of weeks we will be working towards the v1.0 release of this dataset, which will include improved persistence correction, bad pixel masking, and time-variable sky treatment for WFC3/IR data, while for ACS we would also include improved bad-pixel masking, updated darks and biases, and possibly also self-calibration of all the ACS exposures. The new mosaics (2013-11-29) including the full collection of all current data (as well as previous mosaics) can all be obtained at the following links:
We are pleased to announce the release of the public Frontier Fields lensing maps
for all six clusters on the MAST archive: These models were produced by five independent groups:
We have now released the fourth week of HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, adding an additional 8 orbits on this field from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz; total of 46 orbits obtained to date) with new data in WFC3/IR (F105W, F140W, F160W) on the main cluster and ACS (F435W, F814W) on the parallel field. The new mosaics (2013-11-22) along with the full collection of all current data (including previous mosaics) can all be obtained at the following links:
We are pleased to announce the release of the third week of HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, with a total of 38 orbits obtained on this field to date from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz). Together with archival ACS data on the main cluster (program ID 11689, P.I.: R. Dupke) and data from the current supernova search program on this field (program ID 13386, P.I.: S. Rodney), this provides multi-band ACS+WFC3 imaging on the main cluster and parallel fields. Since the last release, 10 new visits have been obtained, corresponding to 20 orbits of additional exposure time on the main cluster with WFC3/IR (F105W, F125W, F140W, F160W) and on the parallel field.with ACS (F435W, F606W, F814W). The new data (2013-11-15) along with the full collection of all current data (including previous mosaics) can all be obtained at the following links:
We are pleased to announce the release of the second week of HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, from the observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz). Together with archival ACS data on the main cluster (program ID 11689, P.I.: R. Dupke), along with new data that has been provided by the current supernova search program on this field (program ID 13386, P.I.: S. Rodney), this provides multi-band imaging on the main cluster and parallel fields. Specifically, 3 new visits were obtained, for a total of 6 orbits, adding 4 orbits of WFC3/IR F105W and 2 orbits of F160W on the main cluster, along with 2 orbits each of ACS F435W, F606W and F814W on the parallel field. The new data (2013-11-08) along with the full collection of all current data (including previous mosaics) can all be obtained at the following links:
In order to prepare for future supernova follow-up, one visit of pre-imaging was obtained for MACSJ1149.5+2223 on November 2, 2013. This 2-orbit visit (Program ID 13504, PI: J. Lotz, Visit 01) consists of 4 WFC3/IR F160W exposures on the main cluster (total exposure time of 5508 seconds), together with 4 ACS F814W exposures obtained on the parallel field (total exposure time of 5046 seconds). These data are all available here:
We are pleased to announce the release of the first new HST mosaics obtained on the cluster Abell 2744, from the first week observations of this target from our Frontier Fields program ID 13495 (P.I.: J. Lotz), which also includes archival ACS data on the main cluster (program ID 11689, P.I.: R. Dupke), along with new data that has been provided by the current supernova search program on this field (program ID 13386, P.I.: S. Rodney). These mosaics have all been processed beyond the default pipeline calibration, in order to produce full-depth images that are aligned to a common pixel grid as well as to an absolute astrometric frame (which was obtained from Subaru I-band imaging provided by N. Okabe, and described further in Merten et al. 2011, MNRAS 417, 333). Further details are provided in the readme file, which can be obtained along with all the mosaics at the following link:
In order to prepare for future supernova follow-up, one visit of pre-imaging was obtained for MACSJ0717.5+3745 on October 17, 2013. This 2-orbit visit (Program ID 13498, Visit 01) consists of 4 ACS F814W exposures on the main cluster (total exposure time of 5246 seconds), together with 4 WFC3/IR F160W exposures obtained on the parallel field (total exposure time of 5708 seconds). These data are all available here:
The first set of lensing models for the Frontier Fields is now available. These lensing models were produced by five different groups, and include magnification, shear, and surface density maps. The first set of models are for mosaics created from archival images of Abell 2744. More clusters will be released in the near future as the Frontier Field observations begin. Also included is an online magnification calculator for use with these models, and, for the first time, interactive displays for the models. These models can all be accessed from the Frontier Fields Lens Models page
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Access to all HST data on these fields:
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Via your browser:
- http://archive.stsci.edu/pub/hlsp/frontier/ is the starting navigation point to all the data on these clusters.
- FTP:
- ftp archive.stsci.edu and login as anonymous.
cd /pub/hlsp/frontier
From there you can navigate through the site to find the field and data of interest. - ftp archive.stsci.edu and login as anonymous.
- WGET
- You can download whole directories of data using wget commands like:
wget -nH --cut-dirs=5 -r -l0 -c -N -np -R 'index*' -erobots=off http://archive.stsci.edu/pub/hlsp/frontier/macs0416/images/hst/
- You can download whole directories of data using wget commands like:
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| Cluster Name | z | Cluster | Parallel Field | HST FOV |
Interactive Display |
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| RA | Dec | RA | Dec | ||||
| Year 1: | |||||||
| Abell 2744 | 0.308 | 00:14:21.2 | -30:23:50.1 | 00:13:53.6 | -30:22:54.3 |  |
Display |
| MACSJ0416.1-2403 | 0.396 | 04:16:08.9 | -24:04:28.7 | 04:16:33.1 | -24:06:48.7 |  |
Display |
| Year 2: | |||||||
| MACSJ0717.5+3745 | 0.545 | 07:17:34.0 | +37:44:49.0 | 07:17:17.0 | +37:49:47.3 |  |
Display |
| MACSJ1149.5+2223 | 0.543 | 11:49:36.3 | +22:23:58.1 | 11:49:40.5 | +22:18:02.3 |  |
Display |
| Year 3: | |||||||
| Abell S1063 (RXCJ2248.7-4431) |
0.348 | 22:48:44.4 | -44:31:48.5 | 22:49:17.7 | -44:32:43.8 |  |
Display |
| Abell 370 | 0.375 | 02:39:52.9 | -01:34:36.5 | 02:40:13.4 | -01:37:32.8 |  |
Display |
Current HST observing schedule for these fields: (click the graphic for an interactive version):
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In addition, we are working on v2.0 releases for all the Frontier Fields clusters, applying a variety of processing and calibration improvements beyond the v1.0 releases, including:
- Improved removal of low-level background flatfield residuals
- Improved astrometry, including new time-dependent distortion models
- Reprocessing using the latest ACS self-calibration algorithms and WFC3/IR time-variable background removal for all data
- Improved masking and removal of persistence in the WFC3/IR data
- Consolidating all ACS and WFC3 imaging obtained by HST on each cluster (including more recent data, if publicly available) into complete full-depth mosaics.
References:
Abell, G. O., Corwin, H. G., Jr., & Olowin, R. P. 1989, ApJS, 701, 1
Ebeling, H., Edge, A. C., Bohringer, H. et al. 1998, MNRAS, 301, 881
Ebeling, H., Edge, A. C. & Henry, J. P. 2001, ApJ, 553, 668
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